Visualization of removal of trapped air from the apical region of the straight root canal models generating 2-phase intermittent counter flow during ultrasonically activated irrigation

Harry Huiz Peeters, Bernard Iskandar, Ketut Suardita, Djoko Suharto

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Introduction The purpose of this in vitro study was to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of irrigant traveling apically and generating 2-phase intermittent counter flow in straight root canal models during activation of the irrigant by ultrasonic means in an endodontic procedure. Methods A high-speed imaging system, with high temporal and spatial resolution (FastCam SA5; Photron, Tokyo, Japan) at a frame rate of 100,000 frames per second using a macro lens (60 mm, f/2.8; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan), was used to visualize, in glass models of root canals, an ultrasonically induced acoustic pressure wave in an EDTA solution environment. A 25-mm stainless steel noncutting file #20 driven by an ultrasonic device (P5 Newtron; Satelec Acteon, Mérignac, France) at power settings of 5 and 7 produced disturbances at the solution-air interface. Results We found that apically directed travel of the irrigant was caused by disruption of the surface tension at the solution-air interface. This disruption caused by ultrasonic activation energy displaced air in the form of bubbles from the apical region toward the solution. Conclusions The apical movement of the solution may be attributed to ultrasonically induced wave generation at the solution-air interface, resulting in the removal of trapped air from the root canal and allowing the solution to travel apically in the opposite directions (via a 2-phase intermittent counter flow).

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)857-861
Number of pages5
JournalJournal of Endodontics
Volume40
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2014

Keywords

  • 2-Phase intermittent counter flow
  • acoustic pressure wave
  • endodontics
  • solution-air interface
  • surface tension
  • ultrasonic

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