Understanding psychological well-being in type 2 diabetes patients during times of uncertainty: A qualitative study

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a lifelong condition that often brings not only physical challenges but also emotional and psychological burdens. Patients frequently face uncertainty regarding disease progression, treatment outcomes, and their ability to maintain control, which can lead to emotional distress and impact psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the psychological well-being of patients with T2DM in the face of uncertainty. Methods: This interpretative phenomenological study involved in-depth interviews with participants diagnosed with T2DM who met the inclusion criteria: DDS-17 score≥2, age≥18 years, diagnosed for at least 1 year, and willingness to share their experiences related to living with uncertainty. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s approach. Results: Six themes emerged: 1) Emotional turmoil upon diagnosis, 2) Distress in daily diabetes management, 3) Fear of complications and the future, 4) Coping mechanisms and spiritual surrender, 5) Emotional awareness and mind–body connection, and 6) Motivation from family and social bonds. Participants described emotional distress, fear, boredom with daily treatment routines, and the role of family and religious coping in navigating these uncertainties. Uncertainty often increases when self-control fails or when complications are feared. Conclusion: Uncertainty plays a significant role in shaping the psychological well-being of patients with T2DM. Emotional resilience, mindfulness, and social and spiritual support are key resources for maintaining well-being. Integrating psychological support into diabetes care is crucial for helping patients navigate emotional challenges and enhancing long-term outcomes.