Toxicity of Cd and Cu to milk fish (Chanos chanos): Considerations of osmoregulation and histological changes in gills

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the toxicity of Cu and Cd on the juvenile of milkfish (Chanos chanos), their impact to osmo regulation and histological changes of the gills. Mortality increased with increasing Cd and Cu concentration. The 96 h LC50 with 95% confidence limits were 154.27 (129.27-184.11) mg/L Cd and 20.27 (17.33-24.18) mg/L for Cu. Increasing Cd and Cu in media increased the SO of fish. The level of gill damage increased with increasing Cd and Cu concentration of media. The changes in gill morphology due to exposure to Cd and Cu in this study could be a defense response of fish to metals in the environment, since all fish still alive during the experiment.