Thyrotoxic heart failure: A narrative review of pathophysiology and principle management

Heart failure is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several studies showed that hyperthyroidism is a potentially reversible cause of heart failure and should be excluded in every heart failure patient, especially in the absence of a common cause of heart failure and structural heart disease. The diagnosis approach of thyrotoxic heart failure still remains a lack of specific guidelines. It is necessary to establish a thyroid dysfunction evidence accompanied by a structural and functional heart abnormality. Several studies have shown that cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, which related to hyperthyroidism, will be resolved in less than six months after a patient has reached euthyroid state. This narrative review summarizes the literature on the pathophysiology and principle management of thyrotoxic heart failure.