Therapeutic potential of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 for cancer therapy

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) (Paramyxoviridae: Avulavirus) is recognized as one of the highly contagious and lethal virus of poultry industry globally. On the other hand, every year, morbidity and mortality caused by cancer are increasing globally. In 2014, the WHO stated that 103,100 men and 92,200 women died from cancer in Indonesia. WHO predicted that in 2030 there will be a surge in cancer patients in Indonesia up to seven times. However, the most dominant cancers are the lung, liver and colorectum in men and the breast, cervical, and lung cancers in women. In addition, development of cancer therapy with high effectiveness and selectivity towards cancer cells, as well as minimal side effects on normal cells is needed. Furthermore, NDV is a promising oncolytic virus that especially infects and kills human cancer cells. This virus, known as an oncolytic virus, can kill cancer cells without damaging healthy cells. In this review article, we demonstratedthe current update of NDV virotherapy against various human cancers.