The Roles of Insulin Growth Factors-1 (IGF-1) in Bone Graft to increase Osteogenesis

Background: Bone graft material is used with periodontal flap procedure that is expected to help the growth of new bone through the process of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction. Some work must be done to support the regeneration of periodontal tissue, including the three key elements of principal, such as scaffolds (collagen and bone material), signal molecules (growth factors) and cells. IGF-1 is a growth factor that has been studied to stimulate the replication of osteoblasts and bone matrix synthesis of bone remodeling process. Osteocalcin is a specific product of osteoblasts, in a previous study that the increase of osteocalcin indicates an increase in bone formation markers. Osteopontin expression by kondrosit showed the role of these cell in sintesizing matrix that have a main role for osteoclast resorpsion dan bone remodeling. Objective: To know the effect of IGF-1 on bone healing process that has been applied xenograft with attention to osteoblast, osteoclast, osteopontin and osteocalcin expression in animal model. Methods: This study was an experimental study in the rabbit. Comparing two groups, xenograft + IGF-1 and others just xenograft, was applied to the tibia’s defect for 21 days. Results: There are significant differences between the groups. The expression of osteoblast, osteopontin and osteocalcin looks more numerous after 21 days on the xenograft + IGF-1 group than the group that only uses xenograft alone. Whereas expression of osteoclast was seen to be less in the xenograft + IGF-1 group. Conclusion: the use of IGF-1 as a fisiologic mediator in regenerate periodontal tissues proved to be effective with the increased expression of osteoblast, osteopontin, osteocalcin and decreased osteoclasts.