The Role of Denosumab and Bisphosphonate in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Literature Review

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by brittle bones and susceptibility to fractures. Management of OI focuses on minimizing fractures and improving bone strength. Denosumab and bisphosphonates have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in OI management due to their ability to modulate bone turnover. This literature review aims to explore the role of denosumab and bisphosphonates in the treatment of OI, highlighting their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases, to identify relevant studies investigating the use of denosumab and bisphosphonates in OI management. The review discusses the molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of OI and how denosumab and bisphosphonates intervene in these pathways to improve bone quality. Furthermore, the review summarizes the findings from clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of denosumab and bisphosphonates in reducing fracture rates, improving bone mineral density, parathyroid hormone changes, calcium and phosphate quantity, and also enhancing functional outcomes in patients with OI. Additionally, considerations regarding optimal dosing, timing of initiation, and potential adverse effects of denosumab and bisphosphonates in individuals with OI are discussed. The synthesis of existing evidence underscores the promising role of denosumab and bisphosphonates as adjunctive therapies in the management of OI, although further research is warranted to elucidate their long-term efficacy and safety profiles in this patient population.