The Role of Bovine Amniotic Membrane and Hydroxyapatite for the Ridge Preservation

Ridge preservation is an important technique for maintaining the dimensions of the alveolar bone following tooth extraction, which is crucial for successful tooth rehabilitation. Te combination of bovine amniotic membrane and hydroxyapatite has shown promise as a scafold material containing growth factors that can stimulate osteogenic-related factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin. Tis stimulation leads to collagen production and osteoblast proliferation, resulting in new bone formation. In this study, bovine amniotic membrane-hydroxyapatite (BAM-HA) composites were prepared using three diferent ratios of bovine amniotic membrane and hydroxyapatite (2: 3, 3: 7, 7: 13). Tirty Sprague–Dawley rats had their frst incisors extracted, and diferent types of BAM-HA were applied for ridge preservation. Te control group received no treatment, while the positive control group was given xenograft. After 14 and 28 days, the animals were sacrifced, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of BMP2, RUNX2, and osteocalcin. Additionally, a histological examination was conducted to analyse collagen thickness and osteoblast cell proliferation. Te results demonstrated that the application of BAM-HA signifcantly increased collagen density, osteoblast cell proliferation, and the expression of BMP2, RUNX2, and osteoclacin compared to the control group (p < 0.05) on both days 14 and 28. Furthermore, increasing the hydroxyapatite content in the composite was found to enhance collagen thickness, osteoblast cell proliferation, and the expression of osteogenic-related factors. Tese preliminary fndings suggest that the combination of BAM-HA can be used for ridge preservation to prevent further bone resorption following tooth extraction.