The Potential of Hydroxyapatite-Gelatine with Roselle Calyx Extract as Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Hydroxyapatite-gelatine is commonly used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite and gelatine can also be modified to improve the physicochemical and clinical properties of biomaterial by the addition of phenolic bioactive compounds from roselle calyx extract. Roselle has anti-inflammatory properties that make it beneficial for bone regeneration. Roselle calyx extract with concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% respectively were added to the BHA-GEL-HPMC. To evaluate the impact of the composite content and processing parameters on the material's properties, the following tests were conducted: MTT Assay for the cytotoxicity, FTIR test to determine the absence of interactions between the materials and to identify functional groups, and XRD test to determine the content of the hydroxyapatite crystal phase in the scaffold. Cytotoxicity test showed more osteoblast cell viability 30% concentration at 242.623 ± 31.145. The FTIR test showed that the functional groups of hydroxyl ions were present in the control scaffold material and the scaffold material with variations of roselle calyx extract (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%). The XRD test showed that the intensity of the crystal phase in all samples was the same, and the sample with the addition of 15% roselle extract had suitable crystallinity for use as a bone substitute. This study indicates that hydroxyapatite-gelatine composite with roselle calyx extract has a high potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.