TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of preparation and pretreatment on the physicochemical properties and performance of plant-based biocoagulants in treating wastewater
AU - Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
AU - Ahmad, Azmi
AU - Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd
AU - Gustinasari, Kiki
AU - Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
AU - Imron, Muhammad Fauzul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Biocoagulants have gained attention as an alternative to chemical coagulants in water and wastewater treatment due to their ability to remove pollutant parameters such as turbidity, suspended solids, color, and organic compounds. Plant-based biocoagulants are currently the most promising due to their abundant availability and reliable performance. A proper preparation of plant-based biocoagulants is required to ensure the active compounds from the plants can be extracted. Plant raw materials are prepared into biocoagulants using drying and grinding, extraction, and purification. In mechanical preparation, drying and grinding exhibit great influence on the performance of plant-based biocoagulants due to the removal of moisture and higher contact with the carrier medium during dissolution. A smaller biocoagulant's size resulted in up to 78 % higher removal of turbidity. In chemical preparation, the oil needs to be removed before extracting the active ingredients to avoid low active compound extraction yields. The defatting of Moringa oleifera seeds showed an 18 % higher protein content. Salt and alcohol extractions were mentioned as superior extraction methods to obtain carbohydrate and protein from plant-based biocoagulants compared to water extraction, with up to a 5 % increment in turbidity removal. Preparation and pretreatment protocols have a great influence on the properties and performance of plant-based biocoagulants. Further extension of research on plant-based biocoagulants should address the problems in the initial characterization of plant material, standard pretreatment and preparation protocols, and real-scale application of plant-based biocoagulants.
AB - Biocoagulants have gained attention as an alternative to chemical coagulants in water and wastewater treatment due to their ability to remove pollutant parameters such as turbidity, suspended solids, color, and organic compounds. Plant-based biocoagulants are currently the most promising due to their abundant availability and reliable performance. A proper preparation of plant-based biocoagulants is required to ensure the active compounds from the plants can be extracted. Plant raw materials are prepared into biocoagulants using drying and grinding, extraction, and purification. In mechanical preparation, drying and grinding exhibit great influence on the performance of plant-based biocoagulants due to the removal of moisture and higher contact with the carrier medium during dissolution. A smaller biocoagulant's size resulted in up to 78 % higher removal of turbidity. In chemical preparation, the oil needs to be removed before extracting the active ingredients to avoid low active compound extraction yields. The defatting of Moringa oleifera seeds showed an 18 % higher protein content. Salt and alcohol extractions were mentioned as superior extraction methods to obtain carbohydrate and protein from plant-based biocoagulants compared to water extraction, with up to a 5 % increment in turbidity removal. Preparation and pretreatment protocols have a great influence on the properties and performance of plant-based biocoagulants. Further extension of research on plant-based biocoagulants should address the problems in the initial characterization of plant material, standard pretreatment and preparation protocols, and real-scale application of plant-based biocoagulants.
KW - Biocoagulant
KW - Coagulant
KW - Environmental pollution
KW - Extraction
KW - Properties
KW - Synthesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174908343&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100441
DO - 10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100441
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85174908343
SN - 2666-7657
VL - 14
JO - Environmental Advances
JF - Environmental Advances
M1 - 100441
ER -