THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH STATUS EPILEPTICUS IN DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency due to failure of the termination of seizures along with hyperexcitation of neurons, resulting in abnormal or prolonged seizures. SE-related mortality keeps increasing, especially in geriatricpopulations, making SE a costly disease in low-income countries. Thus, understanding the electroencephalogram (EEG) in SE may provide accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management. Objective: This study aimed to understand the EEG patterns of SE patients in Department of Neurology Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study with cross-sectional design using secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed with SE during January 2016 – December 2019. The complete data are analyzed based on the age, sex, etiology, comorbidities, types of seizure, SE onset, time interval, clinical state, and the EEG patterns. Results: Most SE patients in this study were male patients with the age group of >1-10 years old, followed by >19-60 years. The most common etiology of SE was meningoencephalitis, followed by epilepsy and stroke. Pediatric and geriatric populations are more susceptible to infection which may cause SE, especially in developing countries. Most patients had their EEG test conducted within 3-<7 days following their last seizures, with generalized onset as the predominant SE onset. Convulsive SE was the most abundant type of SE with generalized tonic-clonic seizure as the predominant motoric manifestation. Conclusion: The most common EEG findings were generalized interictal followed by focal interictal patterns. Sharp/spike wave and continuous slow activity were the most common epileptiform and non-epileptiform discharges respectively.