The effect of indomethacin and ambon banana stem extract (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) on ileum histopathology of indomethacin-induced rats (rattus novergicus)

Background: Indomethacin belongs to Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug (NSAID), used for fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-surgical medicaments. Indomethacin is known to have an inflammatory side-effect on the ileum. The flavonoid in ethanol extract of Ambon banana stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) had the possibility to be used as a therapy. Aim: This research was aimed to analyze the effect of combining indomethacin and banana stem extract Ambon in the improvement of histopathological imaging of the white rat ileum. Method: A dose of 3.15 mg/kg indomethacin was given per oral. This experiment used male rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 150 grams, that were divided into five experimental groups, those were control-rats, Indomethacin-induced rats, and a group of Ambon banana stem extract with a dose of P1=100 mg/kg, P2=300 mg/kg, P3=400 mg/kg. Each ileum specimen was processed and the histopathological changes were observed. A score of submucosal edema, PMN infiltration, the number of goblet cell, epithelial integrity as qualitative data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis test continued by Mann Whitney test. Result: The result of the study showed that ethanol extract of Ambon banana stem could repair the damage of ileum histopathology (p<0,05). The administration of indomethacin at 400mg/kg dose showed the best result of histopathological imaging of ileum improvement. Conclusion: Ambon banana stem extract can repair damage due to indomethacin side-effect of the ileum. Ileum histopathological repair was marked by improvements in epithelial cells of the ileum.