The effect of diabetes self-management education, based on the health belief model, on the psychosocial outcome of type 2 diabetic patients in Indonesia

Lack of knowledge on disease management may distress type 2 diabetic patients, which could negatively affect their quality of life. The health belief model has been widely used to improve the patient’s knowledge, skill, and abilities in relation to self-care. The study aimed to examine the effect of diabetes self-management education, based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), on the psychosocial outcome (self-efficacy, self-care behaviour, distress, and quality of life), and glycemic control (measured by their blood glucose level). A randomised control trial was employed, using a pre-test-post-test design. Our study recruited 120 type 2 diabetic patients who were equally assigned to the intervention group (n= 60) and the control group (n=60). The data was analysed using an independent t test with a significance level of 0.05. After the intervention, the intervention group and control group showed significantly different scores in self-efficacy, self-care behaviour, diabetes distress, quality of life, and blood glucose level. Diabetes self-management education based on the HBM had a significant effect on the phycosocial outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes.