THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HEALTH BELIEF MODEL QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MEASURING FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHERENCE DURING PREGNANCY

This study aimed to develop and validate a Health Belief Model (HBM) questionnaire to measure adherence to drug, vitamin, and supplement use in pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted over a duration of one month at one of the advanced type B health facilities in Surabaya, namely the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of Airlangga University Hospital. The respondents were pregnant women who took drugs, vitamins, and/or supplements, using convenience sampling. Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, whereas validity was analyzed using the content validity index, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software (version 26). A total of 135 respondents participated in this study. Construct validation was performed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The result of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was 0.806, and Bartlett’s test showed a value of 0.000. We deleted two items because the loading factor value was less than 0.5. The results showed that the Health Belief Model questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha value > 0.7 and Pearson's correlation above the r-table with a significance of < 0.05. The 25-item questionnaire, based on the Health Belief Model theory, is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring adherence factors for the use of drugs, vitamins, and/or supplements by pregnant women.