TY - JOUR
T1 - The concentration of potentially toxic elements (zinc, iron, manganese) bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools
T2 - a global systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Fakhri, Yadolah
AU - Akhlaghi, Maedeh
AU - Daraei, Hasti
AU - Hedarinejad, Zoha
AU - Bahreini, Amenh
AU - Mahmudiono, Trias
AU - Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) bound to PM2.5 can cause various health effects, including cardiovascular disease, allergies, and other related diseases. There have been several studies on the concentration of PTEs, including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools. In this study, the concentration of Zn, Fe, and Mn in the indoor air of schools bound PM2.5 were meta-analyzed. PubMed and Scopus were used to retrieve papers related to the concentration of PTEs bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools from January 1, 2000 to March 10, 2020. The concentration of PTEs in PM2.5 was meta-analyzed based on the country subgroup in the random-effects model (REM). Thirty papers with 25 data reports were included in the study. The rank order of PTEs bound PM2.5 was Zn (17.32 ng/m3) > Fe (14.49 ng/m3) > Mn (7.40 ng/m3). The rank order of countries based on the concentration of Fe-bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools was China > Poland > Italy > Spain > Taiwan > Turkey > Iran) > Chile; Zn, Poland > Iran > Taiwan > Turkey > Spain > Italy > Chile; and for Mn, Poland > China > Iran > Taiwan > Spain > Italy > Chile. The pooled concentration of PTEs (Fe, Mn, and Zn) bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools in Poland and China was higher than in other countries, hence, therefore, it is recommended to carry out a PM2.5 concentration reduction program in the indoor air of schools in these countries.
AB - Exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) bound to PM2.5 can cause various health effects, including cardiovascular disease, allergies, and other related diseases. There have been several studies on the concentration of PTEs, including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools. In this study, the concentration of Zn, Fe, and Mn in the indoor air of schools bound PM2.5 were meta-analyzed. PubMed and Scopus were used to retrieve papers related to the concentration of PTEs bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools from January 1, 2000 to March 10, 2020. The concentration of PTEs in PM2.5 was meta-analyzed based on the country subgroup in the random-effects model (REM). Thirty papers with 25 data reports were included in the study. The rank order of PTEs bound PM2.5 was Zn (17.32 ng/m3) > Fe (14.49 ng/m3) > Mn (7.40 ng/m3). The rank order of countries based on the concentration of Fe-bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools was China > Poland > Italy > Spain > Taiwan > Turkey > Iran) > Chile; Zn, Poland > Iran > Taiwan > Turkey > Spain > Italy > Chile; and for Mn, Poland > China > Iran > Taiwan > Spain > Italy > Chile. The pooled concentration of PTEs (Fe, Mn, and Zn) bound PM2.5 in the indoor air of urban schools in Poland and China was higher than in other countries, hence, therefore, it is recommended to carry out a PM2.5 concentration reduction program in the indoor air of schools in these countries.
KW - Air pollution, PM
KW - Indoor air
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Potentially toxic elements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140205385&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11869-022-01257-1
DO - 10.1007/s11869-022-01257-1
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85140205385
SN - 1873-9318
VL - 16
SP - 77
EP - 84
JO - Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health
JF - Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health
IS - 1
ER -
