The anti-inflammatory activity of p-methoxycinnamic acid (PMCA) in the nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system using combinations of solid lipid, beeswax-oleum cacao and liquid lipid, virgin coconut oil (VCO)

Objective: The nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system used the combination of beeswax-oleum cacao and virgin coconut oil (VCO) in this study, it was the development of nanoemulsion (NE) and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) delivery systems, which are used as nano-carriers of p-methoxycinnamic acid (PMCA). PMCA a secunder metabolite of champheria galanga has antiinflamatory effect which is difficult to dissolve in water. Several combinations of solid lipids (beeswax-oleum cacao) and liquid lipids (VCO) were prepared, namely F I (60:40); F II (70:30); and F III (80:20) in the NLC system. Material and Method: The NLC-PMCA system was prepared by the high shear homogenization method, then characterized and subjected to anti-inflammatory activity tests compared with nanoemulsion and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN). The results of the research: The increasing concentration of VCO in the NLC-PMCA system resulted in lower viscosity, and greater entrapment efficiency, namely in the NLC-PMCA system with a combination of beeswax-oleum cacao and VCO of 60:40. NLC-PMCA with the combination of beeswax-oleum cacao and VCO of 60:40 (F I) has particle size (236.00 ± 17.15 nm) smaller than SLN-PMCA (665.60 ± 72.59 nm) but biger than NE-PMCA (29.27 ± 1.85 nm). Occlucivity of F I NLC-PMCA (41.50 ± 4.00 %) higher than SLN-PMCA (33.52 ± 3.65 %) and NE-PMCA (33.52 ± 3.65 %). PMCA in F I (60: 40) NLC, SLN and NE has the equivalent anti-inflammatory activity based on the observations of the PMN cells number in ear skin mice with edema. Conclusion: The NLC-PMCA with the combination of beeswax-oleum cacao and VCO of 60:40 was the best formula.