TGF-β1 and RUNX2 Expression Post Induction Combination of Nigella sativa Seed Extract and Xenograft in Post Tooth Extraction Socket

Background: After tooth extraction procedure, gradual bone loss is inevitable, leads to poor prognosis of future dental prosthesis. Bone grafting is a mandatory for preventing further bone loss, thus creating adequate alveolar bone volume for prosthesis. Incorporating Nigella sativa seeds extract into bovine bone graft was expected to accelerate the bone formation after tooth extraction procedure through the increasing level of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 and Runt Related Transcription (RUNX2) expressions. Purpose: The reason of this study was aimed to determine the effects of Nigella sativa seeds extract incorporate with bovine bone xenograft towards TGF-β1 and RUNX-2 expressions in the preservation of tooth extraction socket. Methods: Cavia cobaya were divided into groups that contained specific material: polyethylene glycol (PEG) as control group, Nigella sativa seeds extract, bovine bone xenograft, and mixture of Nigella sativa seeds extract and bovine bone xenograft. Examination day was executed on day 7 dan day 14 using immunohistochemistry staining. Result: TGF-β1 and RUNX-2 expressions between the groups were differed significantly (p < 0.05). The combination group exhibited the highest expressions of TGF-β1 and RUNX-2 on both day 7 dan day 14. Conclusion: The combination of bovine bone xenograft and Nigella sativa seeds extract can enhance the expression of TGF-β1 and RUNX-2 within the tooth socket.