Technology- and non-technology-based primary healthcare innovations for the elderly: A systematic review

Aim: The progressive ageing of the global population requires redesigning the healthcare delivery system. World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the needs of the elderly according to the changing world. Meeting these needs requires innovative thinking. This systematic review aims to analyse the latest state of innovation in primary health services for the elderly. Methods: This systematic review searched relevant articles using keywords based on MeSH in Scopus, Science Direct, SAGE, and ProQuest databases. The research guideline was the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA), and the measurement of article quality used the Joanna Briggs Institute Guideline. The analysis was descriptive with a narrative approach. Result: Twenty two articles were included in the final review. Sixteen articles discuss technology-based primary healthcare or telehealth in the form of video calls, websites, applications, internet of things, and robotics. The use of telehealth can provide care, information, consultation, and overcoming communication barriers. Six articles discuss primary healthcare for the elderly based on non-technology or programs, namely the expanding paramedicine in the community (EPIC), the intensive home care packages (IHCPs), the homecare support intervention for loneliness (HoSIP), and community health intervention for isolated elderly. These programs aim to facilitate hospital discharge, home care, social support, and community living that prevents hospitalisation. Conclusion: As the world's population ages, innovation is expected to become increasingly important in aged care services. Technology or non-technology could be engaged in the innovation. Both can assist in the home care of the elderly. It is necessary to develop conventional or non-technological innovations alongside the development of technology-based innovations.