Targeting Potential Tumor Biomarker for Therapeutic Target of Urothelial Carcinoma: Β-Catenin, the Promising One Potential Biomarker for Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma is the malignant invasion of epithelial neoplasms into the urothelial layer. It is a substantial health issue, with bladder carcinoma ranking as the tenth most common type of cancer globally. β-catenin promotes malignant cell proliferation and invasion through many routes. Numerous cancers, such as urothelial carcinoma, disrupt this pathway. This study to examine the correlation between β-catenin expression among different T-stage states of urothelial cancer using the immunohistochemical method. A cross-sectional technique was used in an analytical observational design. The sample consisted of 47 paraffin blocks obtained from radical cystectomies conducted from January 2014 to December 2023. We utilised the immunohistochemical technique to analyse β-catenin expression and quantified it using the H-score. We conducted the T-staging evaluation strictly following the guidelines provided by the WHO and AJCC. The statistical analysis tests are conducted at a significant value with p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.6 years, predominantly male (93.6%). Most samples were T2 stage (42.6%) and high-grade tumors (89.4%). β-catenin expression significantly differed between stages (p = 0). Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between β-catenin expression and tumor stage, suggesting its potential as a useful prognostic indicator for urothelial cell carcinoma. Additional studies will reveal the processes and therapeutic effects of β-catenin in treating urothelial cancer.