Synthesis and characterization of nano-hidroxyapatite/chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose composite scaffold

An increase in the number of bone operation in recent years results in higher demand for more regeneration of bone tissue. The most effective way for bone tissue engineering is by using porous scaffold. In this study, synthesis and characterization of bone scaffold made from hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were conducted with different variations of 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt% and 35wt% CMC. The freeze drying process was performed with -20oC for 12 hours and followed by drying process for 30 hours. FTIR test showed that there was electrostatic force between NH₃⁺ and -COO^- which formulated polyelectrolyte network in which nano hydroxyapatite were adhered. The pore size was various with uneven distribution of pores and the best result was obtained on the sample 25 wt% CMC with 65 - 111 μm sized. In porosity test, the best result is obtained on the sample 25 wt% CMC with 46.9% value. Compressive strength test displayed that the four samples met the 2 - 10 MPa strandard. Biodegradation test showed the highest percentage of scaffold mass loss which was 54.60%. Thus, it could be concluded that the composite nano hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and CMC have met the requirement of bone scaffold.