TY - JOUR
T1 - Specific dysregulation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in pregnant women with COVID-19 infections
AU - Wardhana, Manggala Pasca
AU - Dachlan, Erry Gumilar
AU - Kuntaman, Kuntaman
AU - Utomo, Budi
AU - Wafa, Ifan Ali
AU - Rifdah, Salsabila Nabilah
AU - Banjarnahor, Dharma Putra Perjuangan
AU - Danianto, Ario
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Academic Association of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Antofagasta (ASOCIFA). All rights reserved.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Context: Owing to its extensive inflammation, COVID-19 infection may have a specific response in the anti-inflammatory milieu of pregnancy. Aims: To analyze the lacking evidence of systemic inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection compared to normal pregnancies. Methods: This case-control study was performed on third-trimester symptomatic COVID-19 pregnant women compared with normal pregnancies without other significant inflammation risks. A between-group analysis was conducted to assess the inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Through a comparison and correlation analysis, we detected differences between cytokines in the COVID-19 group based on the severity of the infection. Results: Pregnant women with COVID-19 had higher procalcitonin levels (p<0.01), IL-6 (p=0.05), TNF-α, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (p<0.01), and lower IL-4 (p<0.05), implying a higher proinflammatory cytokine imbalance in this group compared with normal pregnancies. White blood cells (p<0.05; r=0.345), and IL-17 (p<0.05; r=0.328) had weak positive correlation, while CRP (p<0.01; r=0.484), and IL-6 (p<0.01; r=0.41), had moderate positive correlation with COVID-19 severity during pregnancy. Conclusions: COVID-19 infections provide a unique non-dominance of the anti-inflammatory response in pregnant women, as indicated by a lower response of Th2, which may counteract the Th1 response. These cytokine dysregulations may disturb the viral defense mechanism, leading to a proinflammatory condition as shown by higher TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios. Some inflammatory markers have a positive correlation with COVID-19 severity (WBC, CRP, IL-6, and IL-17), suggesting their potential roles as severity markers during pregnancy.
AB - Context: Owing to its extensive inflammation, COVID-19 infection may have a specific response in the anti-inflammatory milieu of pregnancy. Aims: To analyze the lacking evidence of systemic inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection compared to normal pregnancies. Methods: This case-control study was performed on third-trimester symptomatic COVID-19 pregnant women compared with normal pregnancies without other significant inflammation risks. A between-group analysis was conducted to assess the inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Through a comparison and correlation analysis, we detected differences between cytokines in the COVID-19 group based on the severity of the infection. Results: Pregnant women with COVID-19 had higher procalcitonin levels (p<0.01), IL-6 (p=0.05), TNF-α, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (p<0.01), and lower IL-4 (p<0.05), implying a higher proinflammatory cytokine imbalance in this group compared with normal pregnancies. White blood cells (p<0.05; r=0.345), and IL-17 (p<0.05; r=0.328) had weak positive correlation, while CRP (p<0.01; r=0.484), and IL-6 (p<0.01; r=0.41), had moderate positive correlation with COVID-19 severity during pregnancy. Conclusions: COVID-19 infections provide a unique non-dominance of the anti-inflammatory response in pregnant women, as indicated by a lower response of Th2, which may counteract the Th1 response. These cytokine dysregulations may disturb the viral defense mechanism, leading to a proinflammatory condition as shown by higher TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios. Some inflammatory markers have a positive correlation with COVID-19 severity (WBC, CRP, IL-6, and IL-17), suggesting their potential roles as severity markers during pregnancy.
KW - COVID-19
KW - cytokines
KW - inflammation
KW - pregnancy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171872169&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.56499/jppres23.1583_11.5.723
DO - 10.56499/jppres23.1583_11.5.723
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85171872169
SN - 0719-4250
VL - 11
SP - 723
EP - 732
JO - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research
JF - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research
IS - 5
ER -