TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial–temporal transmission dynamics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia
AU - Khairunisa, Siti Qamariyah
AU - Indriati, Dwi Wahyu
AU - Megasari, Ni Luh Ayu
AU - Ueda, Shuhei
AU - Kotaki, Tomohiro
AU - Fahmi, Muhamad
AU - Ito, Masahiro
AU - Rachman, Brian Eka
AU - Hidayati, Afif Nurul
AU - Nasronudin,
AU - Kameoka, Masanori
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a serious health threat in Indonesia. In particular, the CRF01_AE viruses were the predominant HIV-1 strains in various cities in Indonesia. However, information on the dynamic transmission characteristics and spatial–temporal transmission of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia is limited. Therefore, the present study examined the spatial–temporal transmission networks and evolutionary characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia. To clarify the epidemiological connection between CRF01_AE outbreaks in Indonesia and the rest of the world, we performed phylogenetic studies on nearly full genomes of CRF01_AE viruses isolated in Indonesia. Our results showed that five epidemic clades, namely, IDN clades 1–5, of CRF01_AE were found in Indonesia. To determine the potential source and mode of transmission of CRF01_AE, we performed Bayesian analysis and built maximum clade credibility trees for each clade. Our study revealed that CRF01_AE viruses were commonly introduced into Indonesia from Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand. The CRF01_AE viruses might have spread through major pandemics in Asian countries, such as China, Vietnam, and Laos, rather than being introduced directly from Africa in the early 1980s. This study has major implications for public health practice and policy development in Indonesia. The contributions of this study include understanding the dynamics of HIV-1 transmission that is important for the implementation of HIV disease control and prevention strategies in Indonesia.
AB - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a serious health threat in Indonesia. In particular, the CRF01_AE viruses were the predominant HIV-1 strains in various cities in Indonesia. However, information on the dynamic transmission characteristics and spatial–temporal transmission of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia is limited. Therefore, the present study examined the spatial–temporal transmission networks and evolutionary characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia. To clarify the epidemiological connection between CRF01_AE outbreaks in Indonesia and the rest of the world, we performed phylogenetic studies on nearly full genomes of CRF01_AE viruses isolated in Indonesia. Our results showed that five epidemic clades, namely, IDN clades 1–5, of CRF01_AE were found in Indonesia. To determine the potential source and mode of transmission of CRF01_AE, we performed Bayesian analysis and built maximum clade credibility trees for each clade. Our study revealed that CRF01_AE viruses were commonly introduced into Indonesia from Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand. The CRF01_AE viruses might have spread through major pandemics in Asian countries, such as China, Vietnam, and Laos, rather than being introduced directly from Africa in the early 1980s. This study has major implications for public health practice and policy development in Indonesia. The contributions of this study include understanding the dynamics of HIV-1 transmission that is important for the implementation of HIV disease control and prevention strategies in Indonesia.
KW - CRF01_AE
KW - HIV-1
KW - Indonesia
KW - Spatial–temporal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192875378&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-024-59820-y
DO - 10.1038/s41598-024-59820-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 38730038
AN - SCOPUS:85192875378
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 14
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 9917
ER -