Secondary metabolite profiles, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of callus, and leaves extract of Piper sarmentosum Roxb.

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of different combination concentrations of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) on callus induction, profiles of secondary metabolites, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities from Piper sarmentosum leaves. These leaves explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combination concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 mg/L) during 6-week culture callus period. Result showed that the morphology of callus grown during this study was compact in various colors appearance, such as light brown, brownish, and dark brown. The fastest mean of callus induction time was 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP (10 days). The highest callus fresh weight was 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L BAP (0.350 g). The combination concentration of 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP was the highest callus dry weight (0.078 g), this treatment was contained 11 different compounds, which were dominated by cyanoacetamide (25.08%) and diisooctyl-phthalate (21.81%). Myristicin and propanamide compounds were also identified in the methanol extract of P. sarmentosum callus. Methanolic extract of callus P. sarmentosum from the optimum treatment had the highest antioxidant activity (26.709 µL/mL) and antimicrobial activity against three test microbes.