Residue Detection of Tylosin antibiotics and Enrofloxacin in Broiler Chickens

The broiler industry widely uses antibiotics, mainly to treat bacterial infections that cause digestive and respiratory disorders. The chicken farming industry, especially broiler chickens, often uses antibiotics to cure bacterial infections and secondary infections caused by bacteria. One of the microorganisms that cause digestive and respiratory diseases in broiler chickens is the bacteria. Treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics is increasing every year. Broiler chickens infected by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are often treated with a combination of the antibacterial agents enrofloxacin and tylosin, that work together in their mechanism of action and have synergistic action in the antibacterial spectrum. Tylosin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, while enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. On commercial poultry farms in Indonesia, the combination of enrofloxacin and tylosin Tylosin and enrofloxacin are often used together as they have a synergistic action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, overuse of antibiotics can lead to drug residues in the final product, potentially jeopardizing the health of consumers. This research aims to identify the number of cases and residues of enrofloxacin and tylosin that exceed the maximum threshold the maximum number of cases of overuse of enrofloxacin and tylosin antibiotics in commercial broiler farms in Indonesia, as well as detect drug residues that exceed the maximum threshold set by SNI 2000.. Based on SNI 2000, the Maximum Residue Limit (BMR) is intended to increase consumer and broiler farmer awareness about the impact of norfloxacin and tylosin residues in broiler products. The research methodology included data collection from several commercial farms, laboratory analysis to detect antibiotic residues in chicken products, and comparison of data with established standards. Enrofloxacin and tylosin residues in broiler chickens were found in a number of literatures, both in residue cases and residue detection. Even from 2010 to 2023, several studies found tylosin and enrofloxacin residues in broiler products. The results showed a significant increase in the use of antibiotics over the past decade, as well as the discovery of enrofloxacin and tylosin residues above the permissible limits in some broiler product samples. These findings indicate the need for increased awareness and regulation of antibiotic use in the livestock sector to protect consumer health.