Relationship Between Cerebrospinal Fluid S100B Levels with Glasgow Coma Scale and Rotterdam CT Score in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) stands as one of the foremost reasons for mortality and incapacitation in young adults on a global scale, accounting for nearly half of all injury-related deaths. The severity of TBI can be assessed using various biomarkers, with the SI00B protein being one of them. While many studies have explored the correlation between serum protein levels and various aspects such as neuroimaging findings, clinical scores, and neuropsychological evaluations, there is a notable lack of research examining the correlation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels. Methods: The research design of this study was prospective and observational, employing analytic methods for analysis. Fifteen TBI patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were fitted with ICP monitors comprised the study sample. GCS data used is post-resuscitation GCS. Data on SIOOB protein levels were taken from the examination of CSF samples taken when the ICP monitor was installed. Rotterdam CT score variables was taken from the last CT scan performed before the patient was fitted with an ICP monitor. The statistical analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS version 26 software. Results: Demographic characteristics for this study tended to be more male (73.3%), with ages ranging from 18 to 65 years, and a mean age of 34.60 ± 16.22 years. The majority of injury mechanisms were traffic accidents (80%), and the most common lesion type was ICH. The mean CSF S 100B value of the 15 samples was 2753.689 pg/ ml. The results of the relationship test between S 100B CSF and GCS using the Spearman test obtained a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating a meaningful correlation between S 100B CSF and GCS, with a correlation coefficient or r value of -0.684. The results of the SIOOB CSF relationship test with Rotterdam CT Score obtained a p-value <0.05, with a correlation coefficient or r value of 0.827. Conclusion: Increased levels of S100B in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with decreased GCS and increased Rotterdam CT score in traumatic brain injury patients.