Protein characterization of an Indonesian isolate of foot and mouth disease virus inactivated with formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine

Yudha Kurniawan, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Jola Rahmahani, Yulianna Puspitasari, Kusnoto Kusnoto, Fadia Azzahra, Talenta Miracle Tobing, Ahmad Aswin, Diyantoro Diyantoro, Firdausy Kurnia Maulana, Helen Susilowati, Suryo Kuncorojakti, Fedik Abdul Rantam

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-footed animals. It is a major threat to livestock production worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Inactivation of FMD virus (FMDV) is crucial for vaccine development and control of outbreaks. However, traditional inactivation methods can sometimes damage the viral protein, affecting vaccine efficacy. Therefore, finding new inactivating agents that effectively inactivate the virus while preserving the integrity of its proteins is an important research area. This study investigated the optimal materials (0.04% formaldehyde, 0.001 M binary ethylenimine [BEI], or a combination) for inactivating and preserving the specific molecular weight of Serotype O FMDV protein. Materials and Methods: This study used serotype O FMDV isolated from several areas of East Java. The virus was inoculated into baby hamster kidney-21 cells, and the titer was calculated using the TCID50 Assay. The virus was inactivated using 0.04% formaldehyde, 0.001 M BEI, or a combination of 0.04% formaldehyde and 0.001 M BEI. Inactive viral proteins were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. Results: Serotype O FMDV can be inactivated using 0.04% formaldehyde while preserving specific FMDV proteins, specifically VP0 and VP3 with a molecular weight (MW) of 36 kDa and VP3 with a MW of 24 kDa. Serotype O FMDV can be inactivated by 0.001 M BEI while preserving specific FMDV proteins, specifically VP0 with a MW of 35 kDa, VP3 with a MW of 28 kDa, and VP1 with a MW of 23 kDa. FMDV serotype O can be inactivated using a combination of 0.04% formaldehyde and 0.001 M BEI while preserving specific FMDV proteins, specifically VP0 and VP3 with a MW of 36 kDa and VP3 with a MW of 24 kDa. Conclusion: This study found that 0.04% formaldehyde, alone or in combination with 0.001 M BEI, was effective for inactivating and preserving the specific molecular weight of Serotype O FMDV protein. The limitation of this study was the inactivations of the virus have not yet been tested for their potency on experimental animals. Further research is warranted to investigate the inactivation kinetics of these materials, including their potency on experimental animals. Additionally, a comparison of the inactivation rates between 0.04% formaldehyde alone and the combination with BEI would help to determine the optimal inactivation agent for future applications.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1836-1845
Number of pages10
JournalVeterinary World
Volume17
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2024

Keywords

  • binary ethylenimine
  • foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • formaldehyde
  • protein

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Protein characterization of an Indonesian isolate of foot and mouth disease virus inactivated with formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this