TY - JOUR
T1 - Prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee due to Mycobacterium species
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Santoso, Asep
AU - Phatama, Krisna Yuarno
AU - Rhatomy, Sholahuddin
AU - Budhiparama, Nicolaas Cyrillus
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - BACKGROUND Mycobacterium species (Mycobacterium sp) is an emerging cause of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and different species of this organism may be responsible for the same. AIM To evaluate the profile of hip and knee Mycobacterium PJI cases as published in the past 30 years. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed using the MeSH terms “Prosthesis joint infection” AND “Mycobacterium” for studies with publication dates from January 1, 1990, to May 30, 2021. To avoid missing any study, another search was performed with the terms “Arthroplasty infection” AND “Mycobacterium” in the same period as the previous search. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses chart was used to evaluate the included studies for further review. In total, 51 studies were included for further evaluation of the cases, type of pathogen, and treatment of PJI caused by Mycobacterium sp. RESULTS Seventeen identified Mycobacterium sp were reportedly responsible for hip/knee PJI in 115 hip/knee PJI cases, whereas in two cases there was no mention of any specific Mycobacterium sp. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) was detected in 50/115 (43.3%) of the cases. Nontuber-culous mycobacteria (NTM) included M. fortuitum (26/115, 22.6%), M. abscessus (10/115, 8.6%), M. chelonae (8/115, 6.9%), and M. bovis (8/115, 6.9%). Majority of the cases (82/114, 71.9%) had an onset of infection > 3 mo after the index surgery, while in 24.6% (28/114) the disease had an onset in < 3 mo. Incidental intraoperative PJI diagnosis was made in 4 cases (3.5%). Overall, prosthesis removal was needed in 77.8% (84/108) of the cases to treat the infection. Overall infection rate was controlled in 88/102 (86.3%) patients with Mycobacterium PJI. Persistent infection occurred in 10/108 (9.8%) patients, while 4/108 (3.9%) patients died due to the infection. CONCLUSION At least 17 Mycobacterium sp can be responsible for hip/knee PJI. Although M. tuberculosis is the most common causal pathogen, NTM should be considered as an emerging cause of hip/knee PJI.
AB - BACKGROUND Mycobacterium species (Mycobacterium sp) is an emerging cause of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and different species of this organism may be responsible for the same. AIM To evaluate the profile of hip and knee Mycobacterium PJI cases as published in the past 30 years. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed using the MeSH terms “Prosthesis joint infection” AND “Mycobacterium” for studies with publication dates from January 1, 1990, to May 30, 2021. To avoid missing any study, another search was performed with the terms “Arthroplasty infection” AND “Mycobacterium” in the same period as the previous search. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses chart was used to evaluate the included studies for further review. In total, 51 studies were included for further evaluation of the cases, type of pathogen, and treatment of PJI caused by Mycobacterium sp. RESULTS Seventeen identified Mycobacterium sp were reportedly responsible for hip/knee PJI in 115 hip/knee PJI cases, whereas in two cases there was no mention of any specific Mycobacterium sp. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) was detected in 50/115 (43.3%) of the cases. Nontuber-culous mycobacteria (NTM) included M. fortuitum (26/115, 22.6%), M. abscessus (10/115, 8.6%), M. chelonae (8/115, 6.9%), and M. bovis (8/115, 6.9%). Majority of the cases (82/114, 71.9%) had an onset of infection > 3 mo after the index surgery, while in 24.6% (28/114) the disease had an onset in < 3 mo. Incidental intraoperative PJI diagnosis was made in 4 cases (3.5%). Overall, prosthesis removal was needed in 77.8% (84/108) of the cases to treat the infection. Overall infection rate was controlled in 88/102 (86.3%) patients with Mycobacterium PJI. Persistent infection occurred in 10/108 (9.8%) patients, while 4/108 (3.9%) patients died due to the infection. CONCLUSION At least 17 Mycobacterium sp can be responsible for hip/knee PJI. Although M. tuberculosis is the most common causal pathogen, NTM should be considered as an emerging cause of hip/knee PJI.
KW - Hip
KW - Knee
KW - Mycobacterium species
KW - Prosthetic joint infection
KW - Systematic review>
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130181191&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5312/wjo.v13.i5.503
DO - 10.5312/wjo.v13.i5.503
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85130181191
SN - 2218-5836
VL - 13
SP - 503
EP - 514
JO - World Journal of Orthopedics
JF - World Journal of Orthopedics
IS - 5
ER -