Prospect of Exosome in Ligament Healing: A Systematical Review

Andre Yanuar, Hasrayati Agustina, Nicolaas C. Budhiparama, Nur Atik

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Aim: The relationship between ligaments and bone is a complex and heterogeneous junction involving bone, mineralized fibro cartilage, non-mineralized fibro cartilage and ligaments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be used in vivo to control inflammation and aid in tissue repair, according to studies. This review focused on using exosomes as an alternative to MSC, as a cell-free therapy for modulating the remodelling process. Methods: To conduct a systematic review of the literature, the phrases “exosome” and “ligament” or “tendon” and “extracellular vesicle” and “stem cells” were used as the search keywords in PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct. From the literature, 73 studies in all were found. Six studies were included in this systematic review after full-text evaluation. Results: Six included studies covered a range of MSC types, isolation techniques, animal models, and interventions. Biomechanical results consistently indicated the beneficial impact of conditioned media, vesicles, and exosomes on treating tendons and ligaments. Noteworthy findings were the reduction of inflammation by iMSC-IEVs, chondrocyte protection by iPSC-EVs (extracellular vesicles generated by inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells), osteolysis treatment using DPSC-sEVs (small extracellular vesicles derived from dental pulp stem cells), and the contribution of exosome-educated macrophages to ligament injury wound healing. Conclusion: Exosomes may serve as a cell-free therapeutic substitute for modulating the remodelling process, particularly in ligament healing.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)91-101
Number of pages11
JournalStem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications
Volume16
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Keywords

  • exosome
  • ligament
  • stem cells
  • tendon
  • tissue remodelling

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