Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a review

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global problem that occurs in the world. This case occurred in pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The global prevalence of GDM varies widely from 1% to 28%. Objective. The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of GDM in Asia and the risk factors for GDM. Materials and Methods. This research method used a systematic review for observational studies. The research inclusion criteria were original English papers, with full text published in peer-reviewed journals. Method of 23 international articles in 2012-2022, which have articles that meet the requirements to be researched subjects regarding the description of the average preva- lence of GDM cases in Asia and the risk factors for GDM. Results. The results of the study found that the lowest prevalence of GDM was in India at 1.9%, and the highest prevalence was found in Australia at 30%. The average risk factors for GDM are a family history of DM, BMI > 25 kg/m², multiparity and history of GDM in previous pregnancies, and history of abortion. The results of a journal review also show that mothers who give birth to GDM have a 48% risk of developing DM in the future. Conclusion. Based on the conclusion in this study, with the wide variation in GDM prevalence rates, it is better to set a GDM risk factor score so that other health services can use these indicators as the gold standard for screening GDM. only.