Potency of Graptophyllum pictum Leaves Extract (GPLE) as a Herbal Biomaterial-Based Denture Cleanser

Objective: To investigate the antifungal properties and potential toxicity of Graptophyllum pictum leaves extract (GPLE) as a candidate for herbal biomaterial-based denture cleanser. Material and Methods: The research was conducted through an in silico study, phytochemical tests, antifungal activity tests, and brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). An in silico study determined the grid score values of GPLE’s ligands and Candida albicans’ protein complexes. Antifungal activity was evaluated on Aquadest, Polident, and GPLE at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The BSLT test groups consisted of aquadest and groups of 1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, and 25 ppm of GPLE. Primary data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a different significance value of p<0.05. A probit regression test was performed for BSLT results with a value of LC50 > 1000 μg/mL. Results: The in silico evaluation demonstrated GPLE’s antifungal efficacy, which is attributed to its high binding affinity to DHFR, hsp90, and NMT protein. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of antifungal compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids. GPLE exhibits fungicidal properties at a concentration of ≥50%. Additionally, BSLT findings indicate an LC50 value of 4780.735 μg/ml with a 95% confidence interval, suggesting no acute toxicity potential. Conclusion: Graptophyllum pictum leaves extract has antifungal and nontoxic properties as a candidate for herbal biomaterial-based denture cleansers.