Postoperative outcome analysis of isolated ventricular septal defect at Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a prevalent congenital heart defect, accounting for nearly 40% of all congenital heart diseases. This research aims to analyze and compare post-closure outcomes of isolated VSD using different surgical techniques. METHODS: This is an observational cohort study with retrospective design. 104 subjects, who underwent VSD closure between January 2018 to August 2022, were selected through total sampling. Exclusion criteria included VSD patients with other cardiac anatomical abnormalities based on pre-op echocardiography and those with incomplete medical records. RESULTS: Factors affecting aortic regurgitation outcomes were preoperative aortic regurgitation and surgical technique (P=0.017 and P=0.017). Mortality was influenced by residual VSD (P=0.035). Ventilation duration was affected by AV block and ICU care duration (P=0.020 and P=0.000). ICU care duration was influenced by reintubation, AV block, hospital stay duration, and ventilation duration (P=0.023, P=0.017, P=0.000, and P=0.000). Hospital care duration was influenced by AV block, ICU care duration, and reintubation (P=0.032, P=0.000, P=0.001). No factors significantly affected residual VSD. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term outcomes for post-VSD surgery patients are influenced by pre, intra, and post-operative factors. Overall, VSD surgery is relatively safe, and postoperative outcomes and complications in this study align with the hypotheses from several prior studies.