TY - JOUR
T1 - Plant-based coagulants/flocculants
T2 - characteristics, mechanisms, and possible utilization in treating aquaculture effluent and benefiting from the recovered nutrients
AU - Alnawajha, Mohammad Mohammad
AU - Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
AU - Imron, Muhammad Fauzul
AU - Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
AU - Hasan, Hassimi Abu
AU - Othman, Ahmad Razi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - The increasing intensification of the aquaculture industry requires the development of new strategies to reduce the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment. Plant-based coagulants/flocculants, regarded as one of the environmentally friendly technologies for wastewater treatment, show good performance in the removal of suspended solids from wastewater. The aforementioned technology involves the utilization of plants as coagulants/flocculants in the treatment process and produces nontoxic sludge as treatment by-products. The produced sludge could be converted into valuable compounds used in agriculture. This review summarizes coagulation–flocculation by using plant-based coagulants/flocculants, its mechanisms, operational factors that control the treatment process, and its application in the treatment of wastewater, especially aquaculture effluent. Moreover, this work discusses the potential utilization of aquaculture sludge as a valuable compound used in agriculture. The presented review aims to emphasize the potential of using plant-based coagulants/flocculants in the treatment of aquaculture effluent and explore the potential of using the produced sludge as fertilizer for plants to solve problems related to sludge handling and the toxicity of inorganic coagulants in a recirculating aquaculture system. This paper concluded that utilization of recovered nutrients in the form of solids is feasible for agricultural purposes, while a hydroponic system can be used to reclaim the nutrients in the form of solution.
AB - The increasing intensification of the aquaculture industry requires the development of new strategies to reduce the negative impacts of wastewater on the environment. Plant-based coagulants/flocculants, regarded as one of the environmentally friendly technologies for wastewater treatment, show good performance in the removal of suspended solids from wastewater. The aforementioned technology involves the utilization of plants as coagulants/flocculants in the treatment process and produces nontoxic sludge as treatment by-products. The produced sludge could be converted into valuable compounds used in agriculture. This review summarizes coagulation–flocculation by using plant-based coagulants/flocculants, its mechanisms, operational factors that control the treatment process, and its application in the treatment of wastewater, especially aquaculture effluent. Moreover, this work discusses the potential utilization of aquaculture sludge as a valuable compound used in agriculture. The presented review aims to emphasize the potential of using plant-based coagulants/flocculants in the treatment of aquaculture effluent and explore the potential of using the produced sludge as fertilizer for plants to solve problems related to sludge handling and the toxicity of inorganic coagulants in a recirculating aquaculture system. This paper concluded that utilization of recovered nutrients in the form of solids is feasible for agricultural purposes, while a hydroponic system can be used to reclaim the nutrients in the form of solution.
KW - Aquaculture
KW - Natural coagulant/flocculant
KW - Nutrients
KW - Sludge
KW - Wastewater treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132815319&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-022-21631-x
DO - 10.1007/s11356-022-21631-x
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85132815319
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 29
SP - 58430
EP - 58453
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 39
ER -