TY - JOUR
T1 - Phytochemical Analysis and Molecular Identification of Green Macroalgae Caulerpa spp. from Bali, Indonesia
AU - Wirawan, I. Gede Putu
AU - Dewi, Ni Kadek Emi Sintha
AU - Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes
AU - Sunyamurthi, I. Gde Nengah Adhilaksman
AU - Jawi, I. Made
AU - Wijaya, I. Nyoman
AU - Darmawati, Ida Ayu Putri
AU - Suada, I. Ketut
AU - Krisnandika, Anak Agung Keswari
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by Udayana University, grant number B/78.331/UN14.4.A/PT.01.03/2022.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - The studies of the Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur (Caulerpa spp.) species and secondary metabolites are still very limited. Proper identification will support various aspects, such as cultivation, utilization, and economic interests. Moreover, understanding the secondary metabolites will assist in developing algae-based products. This study aimed to identify these indigenous Caulerpa algae and analyze their bioactive components. The tufA sequence was employed as a molecular marker in DNA barcoding, and its bioactive components were identified using the GC-MS method. The phylogenetic tree was generated in MEGA 11 using the maximum likelihood method, and the robustness of the tree was evaluated using bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. This study revealed that Bulung Boni is strongly connected to Caulerpa cylindracea. However, Bulung Anggur shows no close relationship to other Caulerpa species. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts of Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur showed the presence of 11 and 13 compounds, respectively. The majority of the compounds found in these algae have been shown to possess biological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetic. Further study is necessary to compare the data obtained using different molecular markers in DNA barcoding, and to elucidate other undisclosed compounds in these Caulerpa algae.
AB - The studies of the Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur (Caulerpa spp.) species and secondary metabolites are still very limited. Proper identification will support various aspects, such as cultivation, utilization, and economic interests. Moreover, understanding the secondary metabolites will assist in developing algae-based products. This study aimed to identify these indigenous Caulerpa algae and analyze their bioactive components. The tufA sequence was employed as a molecular marker in DNA barcoding, and its bioactive components were identified using the GC-MS method. The phylogenetic tree was generated in MEGA 11 using the maximum likelihood method, and the robustness of the tree was evaluated using bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. This study revealed that Bulung Boni is strongly connected to Caulerpa cylindracea. However, Bulung Anggur shows no close relationship to other Caulerpa species. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts of Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur showed the presence of 11 and 13 compounds, respectively. The majority of the compounds found in these algae have been shown to possess biological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetic. Further study is necessary to compare the data obtained using different molecular markers in DNA barcoding, and to elucidate other undisclosed compounds in these Caulerpa algae.
KW - DNA barcoding
KW - GC-MS
KW - molecular identification
KW - molecular marker
KW - phylogeny
KW - phytochemical
KW - tufA
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85136341487&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules27154879
DO - 10.3390/molecules27154879
M3 - Article
C2 - 35956828
AN - SCOPUS:85136341487
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 27
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 15
M1 - 4879
ER -