TY - JOUR
T1 - Phylogenetics of the Old World screwworm fly and its significance for planning control and monitoring invasions in Asia
AU - Wardhana, A. H.
AU - Hall, M. J.R.
AU - Mahamdallie, S. S.
AU - Muharsini, S.
AU - Cameron, M. M.
AU - Ready, P. D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Ford Foundation (USA) for a fellowship to A.H.W., the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Austria) and the Arab Organization for Agricultural development (AOAD, Sudan) for funding the collections and research, Dr Alan Robinson and Dr Udo Feldmann of IAEA for their interest and support, and the following for assistance with fieldwork in Indonesia: Dr Eliyus Saputra and Dr Indarto from the Disease Investigation Centre in Bukit Tinggi and Papua, respectively, and Dr Istar Abadi and Dr Hendri from the Livestock Agency in Kediri and Lampung, respectively.
PY - 2012/7
Y1 - 2012/7
N2 - Phylogenetic, genealogical and population relationships of Chrysomya bezziana, the Old World screwworm fly (OWSF), were inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b), nuclear elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and nuclear white eye colour (white), using sequences of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies as outgroups. C. yt b (717. bp, 754 specimens), EF-1α (361. bp, 256 specimens) and white (577. bp, 242 specimens) were analysed from up to two African and nine Asian countries, including 10 Indonesian islands. We show that OWSF occurs as distinctive African and Asian lineages based on cyt b and white, and that there is a marked differentiation between Sumatran and Javan populations in Indonesia, supported by the genealogy and analysis of molecular variance of cyt b alone. Four cyt b sub-lineages are recognised in Asia: only 2.1 occurs on the Asian mainland, from Yemen to Peninsular Malaysia; only 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 occur in central Indonesia; 2.4 predominates on New Guinea; and 2.1 co-occurs with others only on Sumatra in western Indonesia. This phylogeography and the genetic distances between cyt b haplotypes indicate pre-historic, natural dispersal of OWSF eastwards into Indonesia and other Malesian islands, followed by vicariant evolution in New Guinea and central Indonesia. OWSF is absent from Australia, where there is surveillance for importation or natural invasion. Judged by cyt b haplotype markers, there is currently little spread of OWSF across sea barriers, despite frequent shipments of Australian livestock through Indonesian seas to the Middle East Gulf region. These findings will inform plans for integrated pest management, which could be applied progressively, for example starting in East Nusa Tenggara (central Indonesia) where OWSF has regional cyt b markers, and progressing westwards to Java where any invasion from Sumatra is unlikely. Cyt b markers would help identify the source of any re-emergence in treated areas.
AB - Phylogenetic, genealogical and population relationships of Chrysomya bezziana, the Old World screwworm fly (OWSF), were inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b), nuclear elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and nuclear white eye colour (white), using sequences of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies as outgroups. C. yt b (717. bp, 754 specimens), EF-1α (361. bp, 256 specimens) and white (577. bp, 242 specimens) were analysed from up to two African and nine Asian countries, including 10 Indonesian islands. We show that OWSF occurs as distinctive African and Asian lineages based on cyt b and white, and that there is a marked differentiation between Sumatran and Javan populations in Indonesia, supported by the genealogy and analysis of molecular variance of cyt b alone. Four cyt b sub-lineages are recognised in Asia: only 2.1 occurs on the Asian mainland, from Yemen to Peninsular Malaysia; only 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 occur in central Indonesia; 2.4 predominates on New Guinea; and 2.1 co-occurs with others only on Sumatra in western Indonesia. This phylogeography and the genetic distances between cyt b haplotypes indicate pre-historic, natural dispersal of OWSF eastwards into Indonesia and other Malesian islands, followed by vicariant evolution in New Guinea and central Indonesia. OWSF is absent from Australia, where there is surveillance for importation or natural invasion. Judged by cyt b haplotype markers, there is currently little spread of OWSF across sea barriers, despite frequent shipments of Australian livestock through Indonesian seas to the Middle East Gulf region. These findings will inform plans for integrated pest management, which could be applied progressively, for example starting in East Nusa Tenggara (central Indonesia) where OWSF has regional cyt b markers, and progressing westwards to Java where any invasion from Sumatra is unlikely. Cyt b markers would help identify the source of any re-emergence in treated areas.
KW - Chrysomya bezziana
KW - Control
KW - Cyt b gene
KW - EF-1α gene
KW - Phylogeography
KW - White gene
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84863851991&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.04.017
DO - 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.04.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 22664061
AN - SCOPUS:84863851991
SN - 0020-7519
VL - 42
SP - 729
EP - 738
JO - International Journal for Parasitology
JF - International Journal for Parasitology
IS - 8
ER -
