Periodontal ligament stem cells, solcoseryl pasta incoporated nano-hydroxyapatite silica gel scaffold for bone defect regeneration in chronic periodontitis: A review

Periodontitis is a periodontal disease with a prevalence of 11.2% in the world. Chronic periodontitis causes progressive loss of alveolar bone around the teeth. Xenograf or allograft implantation procedures are performed in the treatment of bone defects, but it may cause a immune reaction. Therefore, new innovations are needed to regenerate bone defects due to chronic periodontitis. Nano-hydroxyapatite has been widely used for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the field of dentistry because of its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. The aim of this review is describe the potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) with solcoseryl paste incorporated nano-hydroxyapatite silica gel scaffold for the treatment of bone defects in chronic periodontitis. PDLSCs can differentiate into periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, cementum, peripheral nerves, and blood vessels. PDLSCs has osteogenic abilities, which are characterized by the expression of bone markers such as type-1 collagen, Runx2, OCN and ALP. Solcoseryl is a dialysate protein-free which acts as a growth factor by activating the transport of oxygen and nutrients into cells, increasing proliferation, stimulating collagen synthesis and formation of granulation tissue. Nano-hydroxyapatite silica gel scaffold can stimulate the proliferation of PDLSCs. Nano-hydroxyapatite seeps into SiO2-sol, forms a porous nano scaffold and connects nano-hydroxyapatite crystallites to produce granules with high porosity and interconnected to stimulate the formation of new bone. PDLSCs with solcoseryl paste incorporated nanohydroxyapatite silica gel scaffold may potential to regenerate bone defects in chronic periodontitis.