Outdoor air pollution due to transportation, landfill, and incinerator

Air pollution was identified as the fourth largest level 2 risk factor contributing to attributable deaths on a global scale. The processes of landfill operation, waste incineration, and transportation have been found to release a significant amount of air pollutants into the atmosphere, including but not limited to carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, sulfur oxide, fluorinated gases, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, potentially toxic elements, and persistent organic pollutants. Air pollutants pose a significant threat not only to the environment but also to human health. This chapter endeavors to assess the composition of air pollutants from three primary human activities (landfill, waste incineration, and transportation), the transportation of air pollutants in ecosystems, and the subsequent effects on the general public’s well-being.