Osphronemus goramy scales-derived type 1 Collagen induces RUNX2 and Osteocalcin expression: An in vivo Study

Introduction: Alveolar bone defects need bone augmentation therapies by subtituting with bone material. Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) fish scale comprises type 1 collagen and it has been used as scaffolding material in bone tissue engineering. As alternative bone graft material, the scales have a big potency to promote osteogenesis in periodontal bone defect when autografts are not feasible. This study will analise Runx2 and Osteocalcin expression in wistar rat alveolar bone induced by type 1 collagen derived from gourami fish scale. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; control group—7 days (C7), treatment group—7 days (P7), control group—14 days (C14), and treatment group—14 days (P14). The left mandibular incisivus was extracted and the tooth socket was treated with 10mg collagen. The rats were euthanized (at day 7^th and 14^th) and immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies anti-RUNX2 and anti-osteocalcin. Results: After seven days and 14days, the expression of RUNX2 and osteocalcin in the treatment group increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Type 1 collagen from gourami (Osphronemus goramy) fish scales increases RUNX2 and osteocalcin expression as a bone growth marker.