TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimizing reactive power dispatch with metaheuristic algorithms
T2 - A review of renewable distributed generation integration with intermittency considerations
AU - Megantoro, Prisma
AU - Halim, Syahirah Abd
AU - Kamari, Nor Azwan Mohamed
AU - Awalin, Lilik Jamilatul
AU - Ali, Mohd Syukri
AU - Rosli, Hazwani Mohd
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2025/6
Y1 - 2025/6
N2 - The integration of renewable energy sources into power systems is becoming increasingly important. Renewable energy sources (RESs) help decrease dependency on fossil-fuel-based electricity generation, making them a cleaner, more environmentally friendly option. However, incorporating distributed generations (DGs) from RESs may affect system stability, especially in terms of power loss and voltage deviation, due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of sources like wind and solar power. Optimization techniques, such as optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD), are crucial for enhancing stability across power system transmission lines. The ORPD problem is complex, characterized by its non-linear, non-convex, and multi-modal nature. However, existing studies often overlook the complex impact of DGs-related power fluctuations on ORPD. This study addresses the gap by implementing ORPD on the IEEE bus systems to reduce power loss, minimize voltage deviation, and improve the voltage stability index (VSI) through the optimization of control variables, such as generator voltages, transformer tap settings, and reactive power injection compensators. A comparative analysis of meta-heuristic algorithms applied to ORPD in the IEEE 57-bus system, with the integration of solar and wind power, provides a comprehensive assessment of DG impacts and algorithmic performance. Performance validation and statistical analyses reveal that algorithms inspired by physical phenomena outperform others in tracking optimal ORPD control variables, providing a statistical ranking and valuable insights for advancing renewable energy-integrated power system stability. Each meta-heuristic algorithm demonstrates distinct advantages in ORPD for renewable energy systems: GA excels in broad search capability, FOA balances exploration with exploitation, PFA achieves fast convergence, and AOA offers high precision, making these techniques valuable for managing the uncertainties of renewable energy sources.
AB - The integration of renewable energy sources into power systems is becoming increasingly important. Renewable energy sources (RESs) help decrease dependency on fossil-fuel-based electricity generation, making them a cleaner, more environmentally friendly option. However, incorporating distributed generations (DGs) from RESs may affect system stability, especially in terms of power loss and voltage deviation, due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of sources like wind and solar power. Optimization techniques, such as optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD), are crucial for enhancing stability across power system transmission lines. The ORPD problem is complex, characterized by its non-linear, non-convex, and multi-modal nature. However, existing studies often overlook the complex impact of DGs-related power fluctuations on ORPD. This study addresses the gap by implementing ORPD on the IEEE bus systems to reduce power loss, minimize voltage deviation, and improve the voltage stability index (VSI) through the optimization of control variables, such as generator voltages, transformer tap settings, and reactive power injection compensators. A comparative analysis of meta-heuristic algorithms applied to ORPD in the IEEE 57-bus system, with the integration of solar and wind power, provides a comprehensive assessment of DG impacts and algorithmic performance. Performance validation and statistical analyses reveal that algorithms inspired by physical phenomena outperform others in tracking optimal ORPD control variables, providing a statistical ranking and valuable insights for advancing renewable energy-integrated power system stability. Each meta-heuristic algorithm demonstrates distinct advantages in ORPD for renewable energy systems: GA excels in broad search capability, FOA balances exploration with exploitation, PFA achieves fast convergence, and AOA offers high precision, making these techniques valuable for managing the uncertainties of renewable energy sources.
KW - Distributed generation
KW - Meta-heuristic optimization
KW - Optimal reactive power dispatch
KW - Renewable energy sources
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85212002500&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.020
DO - 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.020
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85212002500
SN - 2352-4847
VL - 13
SP - 397
EP - 423
JO - Energy Reports
JF - Energy Reports
ER -