Multilayer textile-based concept for non-invasive biosensor platform

The surface area of the working electrode plays a crucial role in determining the sensor’s performance, especially in enzymatic sensors. Increasing the surface area of the working electrode has a significant impact on the sensor’s functionality. This research focused on developing textile-based sensors using a multi-layer concept, employing the direct coating method. Two different sensors which are multilayer textile-based sensor (MTBS) and single-layer textile-based sensor (STBS) were prepared, while commercial screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was also used as a comparison. The measurements were carried out using potassium ferricyanide solutions with concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.02 M, 0.03 M, 0.04 M, and 0.05 M at a voltage of 1 V, with a maximum duration up to the end of the measurement and a time interval of 0.5 s. According to the research findings, the fluid spreading speed of the SPCE is the lowest when compared to the spreading speeds of the MTBS and STBS. Specifically, the fluid spreading speed of the SPCE is 4.3 times slower than that of the STBS and 51 times slower than that of the MTBS. Utilizing a multi-layer concept with specific coatings can lead to better-performing sensors in terms of stability and sensitivity. The MTBS exhibits the greatest sensitivity, as indicated by its linear equation slope of 717.230 µA µM⁻¹ cm⁻².