TY - JOUR
T1 - Mucormycosis in indian covid-19 patients
T2 - Insight into its patho-genesis, clinical manifestation, and management strategies
AU - Sahu, Ram Kumar
AU - Salem-Bekhit, Mounir M.
AU - Bhattacharjee, Bedanta
AU - Almoshari, Yosif
AU - Ikbal, Abu Md Ashif
AU - Alshamrani, Meshal
AU - Bharali, Alakesh
AU - Salawi, Ahmad
AU - Widyowati, Retno
AU - Alshammari, Abdulrahman
AU - Elbagory, Ibrahim
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research, Jazan University, for funding Waed project W41-052.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19 or who are otherwise immunocompromised has become a global problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Infection is debilitating and fatal, leading to loss of organs and emotional trauma. Radiographic manifestations are not specific, but diagnosis can be made through microscopic examination of materials collected from necrotic lesions. Treatment requires multidisciplinary expertise, as the fungus enters through the eyes and nose and may even reach the brain. Use of the many antifungal drugs available is limited by considerations of resistance and toxicity, but nanoparticles can overcome such limitations by reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability. The lipid formulation of amphotericin-B (liposomal Am-B) is the first-line treatment for mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, but its high cost and low availability have prompted a shift toward surgery, so that surgical debridement to remove all necrotic lesions remains the hallmark of effective treatment of mucormycosis in COVID-19. This review highlights the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and management of mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19.
AB - Mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19 or who are otherwise immunocompromised has become a global problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Infection is debilitating and fatal, leading to loss of organs and emotional trauma. Radiographic manifestations are not specific, but diagnosis can be made through microscopic examination of materials collected from necrotic lesions. Treatment requires multidisciplinary expertise, as the fungus enters through the eyes and nose and may even reach the brain. Use of the many antifungal drugs available is limited by considerations of resistance and toxicity, but nanoparticles can overcome such limitations by reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability. The lipid formulation of amphotericin-B (liposomal Am-B) is the first-line treatment for mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients, but its high cost and low availability have prompted a shift toward surgery, so that surgical debridement to remove all necrotic lesions remains the hallmark of effective treatment of mucormycosis in COVID-19. This review highlights the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and management of mucormycosis in patients who have COVID-19.
KW - Amphotericin-B
KW - COVID-19
KW - Mucormycosis
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Pathogenesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114804878&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/antibiotics10091079
DO - 10.3390/antibiotics10091079
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85114804878
SN - 2079-6382
VL - 10
JO - Antibiotics
JF - Antibiotics
IS - 9
M1 - 1079
ER -
