TY - JOUR
T1 - Modified TiO₂ nanotubes-zeolite composite photocatalyst
T2 - Characteristics, microstructure and applicability for degrading triclocarban
AU - Arifin, Siti Nor Hidayah
AU - Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira
AU - Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali
AU - Wei, Lai Chin
AU - Yashni, G.
AU - Fitriani, Nurina
AU - Naushad, Mu
AU - Albadarin, Ahmad B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - The study explored the characteristics and effectiveness of modified TiO2 nanotubes with zeolite as a composite photocatalyst (MTNZC) for the degradation of triclocarban (TCC) from the aqueous solution. MTNZC samples have been produced via electrochemical anodisation (ECA) followed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Three independent factors selected include MTNZC size (0.5–1 cm2), pH (3–10), and irradiation time (10–60 min). The observation revealed that the surface of Ti substrate by the 40 V of anodisation and 3 h of calcination was covered with the array ordered, smooth and optimum elongated nanotubes with average tube length was approximately 5.1 μm. EDS analysis proved the presence of Si, Mg, Al, and Na on MTNZC due to the chemical composition present in the zeolite. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ nanotubes increased from 2.07 to 3.95 nm by increasing anodisation voltage (10, 40, and 60 V) followed by 450 °C of calcination for 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively. The optimisation by RSM shows the F-value (36.12), the p-value of all responses were less than 0.0001, and the 95% confidence level of the model by all the responses indicated the model was significant. The R2 in the range of 0.9433–0.9906 showed the suitability of the model to represent the actual relationship among the parameters. The photocatalytic degradation rate of TCC from the first and the fifth cycles were 94.2 and 77.4%, indicating the applicability of MTNZC to be used for several cycles.
AB - The study explored the characteristics and effectiveness of modified TiO2 nanotubes with zeolite as a composite photocatalyst (MTNZC) for the degradation of triclocarban (TCC) from the aqueous solution. MTNZC samples have been produced via electrochemical anodisation (ECA) followed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Three independent factors selected include MTNZC size (0.5–1 cm2), pH (3–10), and irradiation time (10–60 min). The observation revealed that the surface of Ti substrate by the 40 V of anodisation and 3 h of calcination was covered with the array ordered, smooth and optimum elongated nanotubes with average tube length was approximately 5.1 μm. EDS analysis proved the presence of Si, Mg, Al, and Na on MTNZC due to the chemical composition present in the zeolite. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ nanotubes increased from 2.07 to 3.95 nm by increasing anodisation voltage (10, 40, and 60 V) followed by 450 °C of calcination for 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively. The optimisation by RSM shows the F-value (36.12), the p-value of all responses were less than 0.0001, and the 95% confidence level of the model by all the responses indicated the model was significant. The R2 in the range of 0.9433–0.9906 showed the suitability of the model to represent the actual relationship among the parameters. The photocatalytic degradation rate of TCC from the first and the fifth cycles were 94.2 and 77.4%, indicating the applicability of MTNZC to be used for several cycles.
KW - Electrochemical anodisation
KW - Electrophoretic deposition
KW - Photocatalytic degradation
KW - Triclocarban
KW - Zeolite
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115793115&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132278
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132278
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115793115
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 287
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 132278
ER -