Microgrid Monitoring for Patient Safety in Hospital Using Distributed Residual Current

The main goal of setting up a microgrid in a hospital, especially in the emergency room, is both reliability and stability of the electricity network. This approach is vertically proportional for protection which may need to trip the supply of energy sources when any fault is detected. Danger should be avoided, and no one is interested in facing a power outage. Meanwhile, customizing relays coordination for power distribution with certain parameter settings for each medical device within a hospital would be a complicated task with the possibility of false tripping problems. We will try to answer this challenge by using Microgrid Monitoring using distributed residual current as a solution. The proposed method is based on ground fault detection altogether with residual current collected using Internet of Things. It is then applying a moving window filter before making a trip decision. Three digital filters include: 1) moving average (MA); 2) root mean square (RMS); and 3) exponential MA (EMA) will be tested to get the best transient response, including a comparison of its use with different sampling rates. A comparison of proposed solutions using coordination relays will also be provided. From the results obtained, the best filter showed the possibility of detecting a fault current of 100 mA with a sampling time of only 100 ms to avoid resistance to unwanted trips.