Mechanism of TRADD and RIP in necroptosis of recurrent aphthous ulcers in inflammatory bowel disease

Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) is an inflammatory and chronic ulcerative condition that occur in the oral mucosa as a result of mechanical trauma or manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the oral cavity. Necroptosis can be triggered by the death receptor ligand which is derived from a variety of extracellular and intracellular stimulus that induce the expression or activation family of death receptor ligands like tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1). TNFR1 bond with specific ligands, TNF-α, cause the interaction with intracellular adapter protein called TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD). TRADD can bind with FAS-associated death ligand (FADD) and receptor interacting protein kinase (RIP) result in necroptosis. The ulcer formation as a manifestation of IBD and RAU in the oral mucosa is due to cell death due to changes in inflammatory cytokine factors, such as TNF-α, in the oral mucosal and intestinal epithelium which activate TRADD and RIP3. The aims of this review articles are explained the role of TRADD and RIP in necroptosis occur at IBD induced RAU.