Management of congestive heart failure with heart transplantation using stem cell-derived cardiac muscle: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Congestive heart failure is a collection of clinical symptoms resulting from structural or functional abnormalities of the heart which leads to impaired ventricular filling and ejection ability of blood to the rest of the body. One of the treatments for this disease is heart transplantation. Stem cell-derived hearts have been developed, so there is no need to wait for a donor heart. Myocardium is essentially impossible to regenerate as heart muscle cells do not return to the cell cycle. Stem cell-derived myoblasts have been transplanted in experimental settings to replace lost myocardial tissue. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of stem cell therapy in heart failure model. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We used PRISMAprotocol to perform systematic review. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane were searched for articles from the inception to October 2023. Studies reporting stem cell therapy, relevant outcomes, and using subjects with heart failure models were included. The main outcome was heart function, assessed by such parameters, including LVEF, LVSD, LVDD, and LVSV. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Heart transplantation using stem cell-derived cardiac muscle is not impossible. Myoblasts and cardiomyocytes derived from bone marrow stem cells will enable autologous cell transfer into the myocardium. These cells can be easily obtained and developed in culture. Cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells can be used to replace all three types of heart muscle cells, and can be developed in culture. Currently, ethical issues relating to the use of human embryonic stem cells are a factor to consider. CONCLUSIONS: Cell transfer therapy has been shown to improve heart function by initiating cardiomyogenesis in experimental models. These findings suggest that damaged myocardial function can be repaired with stem cell therapy. Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, especially from embryonic cells or bone marrow, will allow selective replacement of cardiac cells or atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes.