Malondialdehyde expressions on pulp odontoblast cells after application of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate mixed with water, ethanol, and acetone solvents

Background: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a resin-based methacrylate material most widely used as an adhesive within dentistry. In order to reduce the level of HEMA toxicity, some ingredients such as water, ethanol, and acetone are used as solvent agents because they are readily available and inexpensive. However, significant concerns persist with regard to their biocompatibility. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the biocompatibility of HEMA, HEMA with water solvent, HEMA with ethanol solvent, and HEMA with acetone solvent by measuring the oxidative stress parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA). Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups. Three dental resin-based adhesive systems were subsequently applied to the dentin surface of their teeth. MDA assessment was conducted based on the levels of MDA expressions observable under microscope 24 h after initiation of the treatment. Results: There was a significant difference in MDA expression in the pulp odontoblast cells between Group 1 and Group 2 with a P = 0.000. Similarly, there was a significant difference in MDA expression in the pulp odontoblast cells between Group 1 and Group 3 with a = 0.000. Yet, there was no significant difference in MDA expression in the pulp odontoblast cells between Group 2 and Group 3 with a P = 0.082. Conclusion: HEMA with water solvent showed the least MDA expression compared to HEMA with ethanol and water solvent, therefore, HEMA with water solvent has the most suitable biocompatibility.