Increased levels of malondialdehyde and cathepsin C by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Saliva as aggressive periodontitis biomarkers: A review

Aggressive Periodontitis results in rapid destruction of the periodontium and can lead to early tooth loss in the affected individuals if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Aggressive periodontitis is an economically important disease as it is time-consuming and expensive to treat. Aggressive periodontitis has a worldwide prevalence of 5-15%, including Indonesia has increased in recent decades. Early detection of aggressive periodontitis plays a crucial role in successful therapy. Early diagnosis and management reduces the severity and possible complications of the aggressive periodontitis. Saliva contains an abundance of protein and nucleic acid molecules that reflects physiological status; however, unlike other bodily fluids, salivary diagnostics offer an easy, inexpensive, safe and non-invasive approach for disease detection. Saliva appear promising for future application to diagnose and prognosticate aggressive periodontitis treatment. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were highest in aggressive periodontitis could act as an antigen and stimulate polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells to eradicate the antigen. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) released by PMN cells could damage the surrounding cells and destroy the healthy periodontal tissue structures around them. Patients with aggressive periodontitis had significantly higher values of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and cathepsin C level in saliva. The purpose of this study is to review MDA and Cathepsin C induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans in saliva as aggressive periodontitis biomarker. Journal and other sources were searched with spesific keywords to search the previous studies. MDA and Cathepsin C induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans increasing in Saliva. Level of MDA and Catphepsin C in saliva may useful to predict as aggressive periodontitis.