In vitro antimalarial activity screening of several Indonesian plants using HRP2 assay

Objective: Antimalarial drug resistance has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing malaria disease control today. The spread of drug resistance and the limitation number of effective drugs for treatment indicated important to find a new antimalarial drugs. The aim of this study was to determine antimalarial activity several Indonesia plants. Methods: Twenty leaves and stems of plants which were obtained from exploration from Alas Purwo National Park, East Java, Indonesia, were extracted with ethanol 80% by "maceration technique assisted ultrasonic". These 20 extracts were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity againt P. falciparum 3D7 strain (chloroquine-sensitive), using the histidine-rich protein II (HRP2) assay. Results: Two leaves extracts were active as an antimalarial, Garuga floribunda leaves (GFL) and Alectryon serratus leaves (ASL) with the value of IC₅₀ Conclusion: GFL and ASL were active as an antimalarial and potential to be developed as a new antimalarial drug. <14.8μg/mL and between 15.5-30.9 μg/mL respectively. These extracts contained rich chemical substances that considered for the antimalarial activity, such as terpenoids, polyphenol, flavonoids, and anthraquinone. Conclusion: GFL and ASL were active as an antimalarial and potential to be developed as a new antimalarial drug.