Implantation of bovine hydroxyapatite and secretome with different oxygen concentration may improve massive bone defect regeneration: An experimental study on animal model

The most widely used biomaterials in the treatment of massive bone defects are allograft bone or metal implants. The current problem is that the availability of allographs is limited and metal implants are very expensive. Mass production of secretome can make bone reconstruction of massive bone defects using a scaffold more effective and efficient. This study aims to prove bone regeneration in massive bone defects using bovine hydroxyapatite reconstruction with normoxic and hypoxic secretome conditions using collagen type 1 (COL1), alkaline phosphate (ALP), osteonectin (ON), and osteopontin (OPN) parameters. This is an in vivo study using male New Zealand white rabbits aged 6–9 months. The research was carried out at the Biomaterials Center—Tissue Bank, Dr. Soetomo Hospital for the manufacturer of bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) and secretome BM-MSC culture under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and UNAIR Tropical Disease Institute for implantation in experimental animals. Data analysis was carried out with the one-way ANOVA statistical test and continued with the Post Hoc test LSD statistical test to determine whether or not there were significant differences between groups. There were significant differences between hypoxic to normoxic group and hypoxic to BHA group at day-30 observation using ALP, COL 1, ON, and OPN parameters. Meanwhile, there is only osteonectin parameter has significant difference at day-30 observation. At day-60 observation, only OPN parameter has significant differences between hypoxic to normoxic and hypoxic to BHA group. Between day-30 and day-60 observation, BHA and normoxic groups have a significant difference at all parameters, but in hypoxic group, there are only difference at ALP, COL 1, and ON parameters. Hypoxic condition BM-MSC secretome with BHA composite is superior and could be an option for treating bone defect.