Impact of preeclampsia on the outcome of COVID-19 infection

Backgrounds: The COVID-19 outbreaks began at 2020 and spreading fast throughout the world. Infection in pregnancy is associated with increasing number of mortality and morbidity reports as well as increasing reports of preeclampsia (PE) cases complicating the cases. This study aimed to analyze the impact of preeclampsia on the outcome of COVID-19 patients during pregnancy and determine the effect of these variables on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 711 COVID-19 patients admitted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital during 2020-2021. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, complication, and patient outcomes data were collected. Patients were then classified as COVID-19 with preeclampsia and COVID-19 without preeclampsia. Data were collected from hospital medical records, and statistical analysis was carried out to analyze these variables. Results: We reported 711 pregnant patients with COVID-19, of which 510 patients (72%) had no preeclampsia and 201 patients (28%) had preeclampsia. There were statistically significant differences in maternal age, referral status, gestational age at admission, comorbidities, complications, and symptoms of COVID-19. COVID-19 with PE had higher comorbidities and severe performance than COVID-19 without PE: > 50% were preterm pregnancy, oxygen saturation < 90% on admission reported on 5.9% cases, 35.8% had symptoms, 20.4 % cases suffered severity/ critical condition, 24.4% need ventilation support. However, there was no significant difference in maternal death cases between COVID-19 with and without PE. Risk analysis shows an increased risk of morbidity in pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection: pulmonary edema, critical condition, ICU admission, and Ventilation needed with OR 18.9, 12.5, 5.1, and 2.7, respectively. Conclusion: Preeclampsia increases the risk of morbidity in COVID-19 pregnant patients.