Immunostimulatory effects of ethyl acetate extract of galing plants on breast cancer model mouse: Analysis of Interferon Gamma and CD14 expression

Breast cancer continues to be a significant global health concern, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. This is primarily due to the fact that patients frequently encounter compromised cellular immune function, which is the primary means by which cancer cells are eliminated; therefore, effective treatment strategies that increase the patient's immune system's workload are required. For enhancing immune system functionality in cancer, the galing plant (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) may present a viable alternative due to the presence of active compounds such as delphinidin, malvidin, resveratrol, and quercetin. These compounds have been empirically validated for their ability to regulate both non-specific and specific cellular immune responses. The objective of this research endeavor is to investigate the potential of galing ethyl acetate extract to modulate the cellular immune system in white mouse models of breast cancer by upregulating the expression of IFN-γ and CD14. Inducing the carcinogen DMBA transformed a cohort of 22 female white mouse into a model of breast cancer. These mice were subsequently divided into three groups: normal mouse (K0), cancer model mouse (K1), and those that received a 300 mg/kgBW galing ethyl acetate extract. after administering for a duration of 28 days. Following this, a monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical examination was conducted using anti-rat CD14 and anti-rat IFN-γ. The findings of the study demonstrated that the administration of galing ethyl acetate extract significantly increased the levels of IFN-γ and CD14 expression in comparison to the negative and normal control groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, a robust correlation was observed between the increase in IFN-γ expression and CD14 expression (p<0.01). Consequently, this research sheds light on the potential therapeutic applications of galing plants as immunostimulatory agents.